DRAMIŃSKI - Nir analysis

DRAMIŃSKI NIR-DRAM 100 - Near Infra Red Analyser of grain and flour content
The analyser is an advanced hi-tech device for measuring grain & flour composition by spectral analysis in the near-infrared spectral range.

Infrared spectra: It is important to remember that the absence of an absorption band can often provide more information about the structure of a compound than the presence of a band. Be careful to avoid focusing on selected absorption bands and overlooking others. Use the examples linked to the table to see the profile and intensity of bands. Remember that the absence of a band may provide more information than the presence of an absorption band.

Look for absorption bands in decreasing order of importance:

1. the C-H absorption(s) between 3100 and 2850 cm-1. An absorption above 3000 cm-1 indicates C=C, either alkene or aromatic. Confirm the aromatic ring by finding peaks at 1600 and 1500 cm-1 and C-H out-of-plane bending to give substitution patterns below 900 cm-1. Confirm alkenes with an absorption at 1640-1680 cm-1. C-H absorption between 3000 and 2850 cm-1 is due to aliphatic hydrogens.

2. the carbonyl (C=O) absorption between 1690-1760cm-1; this strong band indicates either an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amide, anhydride or acyl halide. The an aldehyde may be confirmed with C-H absorption from 2840 to 2720 cm-1.

3. the O-H or N-H absorption between 3200 and 3600 cm-1. This indicates either an alcohol, N-H containing amine or amide, or carboxylic acid. For -NH2 a doublet will be observed.

4. the C-O absorption between 1080 and 1300 cm-1. These peaks are normally rounded like the O-H and N-H peak in 3. and are prominent. Carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, alcohols and anhydrides all containing this peak.

5. the CC and CN triple bond absorptions at 2100-2260 cm-1 are small but exposed.

6. a methyl group may be identified with C-H absorption at 1380 cm-1. This band is split into a doublet for isopropyl(gem-dimethyl) groups.
7. structure of aromatic compounds may also be confirmed from the pattern of the weak overtone and combination tone bands found from 2000 to 1600 cm-1.

There are many oil analysis products on the market, from free oil company analysis to elaborate and expensive testing. Petrotech analysis is designed to meet both the normal and special analysis requirements of engines, transmissions and hydraulic systems. With our help, a full service oil analysis program can round out and make your preventive maintenance program complete. We can custom tailor our services to meet your particular needs. Our customized approach produces better results than a mere mail order business offered in the industry today.

The services we provide are competitively priced. Price has never been an issue. We make a profit for the services we perform but that is how businesses continue to survive and grow. We do not lower our standards to meet price. Our goal has always been to provide the best for a fair price. And we have done both.

Oil analysis makes it possible to literally look inside an engine, transmission or hydraulic system. By monitoring the oil - its condition and the presence of contaminates - an oil analysis user can anticipate problems, monitor system wear, and repair before problems become catastrophic. Some of the specific uses of oil analysis include:

* Noting progressive wear in order to repair damaged parts before they become emergency breakdowns.
* Detection of corrosive acids, coolant, fuel dilution and other oil conditions which are caused by engine problems that could become major failures.
* Planning of needed repairs based upon the noted progression of an abnormal wear pattern, which can lead to more effective equipment utilization and fewer emergency repairs.
* Oil analysis provides useful records when dealing with warranty problems, resale of equipment, detection of abuse, and evaluation of new oils, oil filters and air filters.

Petrotech oil analysis tests a sample of oil taken from your equipment just after shut down. Three different types of testing are done on this sample:

1. Physical and chemical testing — measures problems such as the percentage of water or fuel dilution; the presence of coolant, carbon build up, or silica dirt; and a measurement of viscosity.

2. Atomic Absorption analysis — measures the presence of even the most microscopic particles of metals, can determine whether engine component wear rates are taking place at an abnormal rate.

3. Infra-Red testing — determines the condition of the oil additive package. This test can help in determining if the oil drain intervals are at the proper length for the equipment and conditions of usage.

Many laboratories try to determine the amount of additive or additive depletion by measuring the amount of additive metals present in the oil. While the tests used to determine these metals are easily performed, they can be misleading. Additive metals can easily fluctuate +20% to -20% as a normal circumstance. Also many of the same metals that are present in the additives are also present in components within a unit ( Magnesium is also present in small amounts in aluminum alloys). Therefore is is possible to have a loss of an additive metal and a secondary gain from an internal component and not not see the actual additive metal loss. It is also possible for a wide variety and quantity of additives to be used to meet the same specification for an oil. Therefore the level of a metal detected to determine an additive does not necessarily reflect the usefulness of that additive in the oil.

Infrared analysis is the most accepted test method in the industry today used to determine the condition of lubes. The method looks at both the additives in the oil and the actual condition of the oil itself. This method gives a true and complete analysis of the lubricant in a way that no other tests can duplicate.

Oxidation is developed from varying combinations of heat, air, and lube agitation. This is usually characterized by lube thickening. The IR test determines the amount of oxidation present in the sample tested.

Nitration and Sulfation determinations are used to detect the build up of potentially corrosive nitric and sulfuric acids.

IR is particularly useful for detecting oxidation products. Such products are detrimental to good lubrication if present in significant quantity. It is also sensitive to coolant contamination ( Water or Glycol ). Manufacturing plants that produce certain types of chemicals that may be introduced into the lube system would be able to detect the presence of these contaminates as they accumulated in the lube.

This is part of the routine infrared inspection. It can determine if the lubes contain additives and if the additives are effective. This is not a difficult process provided the lab is familiar with the product being tested. In most instances the question of specific additive depletion can be answered.

Most lubes consist of two major components, base stock and additive. It is possible to distinguish between differing base stocks with IR for the purpose of quality control. The feature is particularly useful for assurance that a synthetic lube is not being inadvertently contaminated with mineral oil, thereby impairing the syntheticÍs beneficial properties.